Thursday, November 20, 2008

WROLD WAR ONE: (1914–1918)

  • Allied Countries (US, UK, France)
  • Axis Countries (Germany, Italy, Japan)

Monday, November 3, 2008

Tuesday, July 22, 2008

Martin Luther King




Where were he born? where did he grow up?



Martin luther king was born on the 15 of January 1929 in Atlanta, Georgia. He was called Michael Luther King, Jr but later on his father changed his name to Martin just to honor the German Protestant called "Matin Lurther". Segregated South is where he grew up . He attended David T. Howard Elementary School when he was young and Atlanta University Laboratory School for university. It is the school which were full of African-American students, who at that time were not able to attend school with white children.




What position(s)/role(s) did this person occupy during his lifetime?

Both of his grandfather and father were pastor. Martin went to Boston to receive his doctorated degree. After he returned to the South, he became a pastor of a Baptist church in Montgomery, Alabama as well. At montgomery he achieved many goals. He helped to diminish the bigotry in the minds of racists.

Were he a member of any group(s)?

Martin Lurther King became a leader of American civil rights activist early in his carreer. The civil rights movement refers to the reformation of the movements in the US (United States) which aimed at the racial discrimination against African Americans in the Southern states. King led the organization until the time of his death. King's last successful civil rights campaign was a series of demonstrations in Alabama that were intended to dramatize the denial of black voting rights in the deep South.

What are he most remembered for?

He is the youngest person to received the nobel peace prize in 1964 and he was 35 year old. He worked seriously with the racial discrimination through civil disobedience and others. That is one of the reason why he received the nobel peace prize.


What influences (e.g.: gender, race, socio-economic status, location) shaped the early development of this eminent person? what shaped their attitudes and views?

Martin Luther King " i have a dream " speech really have the big influences for a future where blacks and whites among others would live harmoniously as equals. the speech itself delivered to over two hundred thousand of the supporters, the speech was considered as one of the greatest/best and the most notable speeches in all the historical record and was ranked the top of all the American speeches.


What were the views/morals/beliefs/principles that they espoused?

When he was six year old, he realised that it's not fair having the white and only whites can sit in the front of the bus while the blacks were only allowed to sit at the back of the bus. He then led the montgomery bus boycott in the year of 1955 and 1956. The boycott only lasted for 385 days which is about a year and few days. He was stoned by lots of angry whites in the suburb of Cicero after he leads march against racial discrimination in housing. The situation causes lots of problems which then Martin Luther King's house was bombed. Martin was arrested during this happening, which ended with "United States District Court"(USDC) rules in "Browder v. Gayle" that ended racial segregation on all Montgomery public buses.


Why did they espouse these views?

The racial discrimination is always a huge or influential problems happening in America. (USA). Martin luther king took the same views and ideas from Mohandas Gandhi's. He was inspired by her because of the success with non-violent activism. Martin Luther King visited the Mohandas Gandhi family in India in the year 1959, with the help from the Quaker group the American Friends Service Committee (AFSC). The trip to India had affected Martin in a different way, understanding the non-violent resistances and the commitments that he made to America’s struggle for the civil rights movement. According to the history, during his final evening in India, he reflected, “Since being in India, I am more convinced than ever before that the method of nonviolent resistance is the most potent weapon available to oppressed people in their struggle for justice and human dignity.


What circumstances led them to becoming involved in the work/struggle that made them so renowned as a hero?

Martin organized and led marches for blacks' right to vote, desegregation, labor rights and other basic civil rights. As a young boy he experienced the racial discrimination of the time. On one occasion he and his schoolteacher are ordered to give up their seats to white passengers during a lengthy bus ride. "When we didn't move right away, the driver started cursing us out and calling us black sons of bitches," King later recalls. "I decided not to move at all, but my teacher pointed out that we must obey the law. So we got up and stood in the aisle the whole 90 miles to Atlanta. It was a night I'll never forget. I don't think I have ever been so deeply angry in my life."



What impact/influence did they have upon their culture? how did they change their culture?


He didn't have much influences upon their culture. Throughout his participation in the civil rights movement, King was criticized by many groups. This always include the opposition by more and more militant blacks like such prominent critics as "Nation of Islam" member "Malcolm X".

What was their legacy to future generations?


Many of his critical ultimately acknowledged his considerable accomplishments. King refused to condemn the militants who opposed him, he criticized the new slogan as vague and divisive. Besides winning the 1964 Nobel Peace Prize, King was awarded the American Liberties Medallion in the year of 1965by the "American Jewish Committee" for his "exceptional advancement of the principles of human liberty". Martin Luther King, Jr led a good and courageous life. Perhaps the revolution is require todaywhich is not so much for social change but an inner revolution of the spirit "where we find meaning for our lives, where we reject the easy road of apathy and indifference, where we reject materialism, substance abuse and all of the other selfish concerns which contribute to a pervasive sense of alienation, despair, and a sense of hopelessness which is pervading our society. "

Monday, June 9, 2008

Economy of Malaysia


Malaysia is a country that consists of thirteen states and three federal territories.

It has lots of natural resources(rich in resources). The long ranked as a leading producer of rubber and tin, as well as timber, palm oil( vegetable oil), natural gas, and petroleum. In late 1900's, Malaysia is the world major manufacturing nation which is also a successful exporter of electronic products.

CHIEF PRODUCTS:

  • AGRICULTURE- cacao, coconuts, palm oil, pepper, pineapple and other such as fruits, rice, rubber and timber.
  • MANUFACTURING- Air conditions and other appliances like cement, electronic devices/ products.
  • PROCESSED GOODS- rubber goods, semi conductors, textiles.
  • MINING- bauxite, copper, gold, ilmenite, iron ore, natural gas, petroleum and tin.

ECONOMY:

In the late 19's Malaysia is the worlds largest or fastest growing economies. On that time, Malaysia is also a primarily an exporter of raw commodities, such as timber, rubber, tin, and palm oil. Nowadays, Malaysia still produces some basic goods, but played smaller economic role. From the year 1970 to the mid of 1990 the gross domestic product, and the total value of goods and services produced within the country which grew up to more than 7 %. The wealth of Malaysia usually come from manufacturing now. Because of the large amount of produces.

BIGGEST EMPLOYERS:

The biggest industrial which employ a quarter of Malaysians labor force is Manufacturing. It produces one third of the Malaysia's gross domestic product. The electronics industry also has been a major success. It is the leading of producer of integrated circuits and other semiconductor devices. Related welfare benefits in Malaysia include severance pay, benefits for old age,disability, death, employment injury and invalidity. However, no cash assistance is made to the unemployed under the relevant schemes.

  • AGRICULTURE- Farmer grow rice. Rice is Malaysians main food crop.
  • FORESTRY- The tropical rain forest yield many valuable products. Lots of timber being chopped down. Malaysia is a very big timber produces in the worlds as there are lots of bushes and forest in Malaysia.
  • MINING- The largest reserves is alluvial tin.
  • FISHING INDUSTRY- Shrimp is usually the most important seafood products from Malaysia. This include prawn and crabs.
  • SERVICE INDUSTRIES- The services employs about half of Malaysia's labor force. (Retail sales, and Transportation).
  • ENERGY SOURCES-Oil and natural resources are the biggest and the most important energy resources.
  • INTERNATIONAL TRADE- The major export are the palm oil, petroleum and rubber.

The economic decisions are made by the consumers as the market economy -petroleum production is the major economic activity, it is the chief's export.Malaysian workers and employer representatives have cautiously welcomed a government decision to cut the number of foreign workers by half a million.the manufacturing labour is intensive because they are more people or workers needed for the jobs like manufacturing.

ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY:

Advanced technology are used in this country as for the farming and chopping down trees. For farming, we need lots of big machine for farming. The areas of advanced technology will be the key to the future as well as highly demanding manufacturing technologies in the industrial fields of electronics and electrical. Of course this include automobile, basic metals & materials, machinery and equipments, chemicals, bio-technology, plastics, oil and petroleum, life sciences, wood, food, rubber, agriculture engineering.

MAJOR ECONOMIC PROBLEMS FACED BY MALAYSIA:

Agriculture has recently increase in its contribution to the economy. The conversion of new land for planting is the best way for agriculture to expand. The expansion no longer possible as the country has got no more arable land. Instead, the opposite increased as agricultural land was taken over for industrial and housing. The problem faced by agriculture which is less severe is trade adopted by the country. Agriculture in the tropical country is relatively efficient because of some advantages they enjoy. Therefore, agriculture in Malaysia has no exception. For example, the export taxes imposed on palm oil, rubber and pepper discourage agricultural production. Malaysia had raised its benchmark interest rate in three months. The inflation rate had doubled as the government raised in retail fuel prices and taxes on tobacco and alcohol. Petrol prices were increased last week.

SIMILARITY AND DIFFERENCES BETWEEN AUSTRALIA AND MALAYSIA:

Well there are not much differences between Australia and Malaysia. Both countries are facing lots of problems in economy. For example the inflation, unemployment and some other important problems. The inflation in both countries are rising rapidly and losing such a lot of awful money. The economy is getting better and better in Australia while on the other hand, Malaysia's economy is getting worse as there are not much jobs apply lots of unemployment and the country itself has to give out some money for the poor people who are not able to buy any food or basic requirements. Therefore there are lots of beggar in Malaysia all over the place. The beggar are usually disable and they need money to go to the doctor. Unlike Australia, there are a place -a centre called 'centre link"which supplies or give put money to the poor and the disabilities.

Monday, May 12, 2008

Western Australia's economy:


Western Australia's economy:
The economy in Western Australia is currently appears to be weathered by the global financial storms. However, it is a respected economist sees clouds brewing on our horizons.
#: what are the main goods and services produced by the W.A economy.
Western Australia is the biggest output of any of the Australia's state. It has grown faster than Australia as whole, with the (Gross state product) expanding by approximately 4.75% in the 2005 -2006 financial year. It's economy that has been highly based on the extraction and export of mining and petroleum. It is a very strong reliance on the energy and mineral for export income and the economic growth. Western Australia has strong growth in recent years thanks to the downstream
processing of minerals. Of course, this includes iron, alumina, natural gas, nickel and gold. These are the main goods produces by Western Australia. The contribution of the mining, manufacturing, services, construction and agricultural are the major things we are talking here.

The State is depending on the agriculture had fallen progressively in 1999-2000. Agricultural
products are the second biggest contribution to Western Australia export's income including the minerals and energy. Minerals and energy helps dominate the Australia's economy. The services is by far the most important from an employment perspective.
Which regions produce what kinds of goods and services?

· KIMBERLEY-
The place called 'Kimberley' is located in the northern. It is extended from Broome to Kununurra and Lake Argyle. The Kimberley was one of the earliest settled parts in Australia, with lots of of people arrived over many of years ago from "Indonesia". Pearling is a big industry in Broome for many years while mining producing about 1/3 of the world's diamonds. The agriculture centred on the Ord River Irrigation Area and also the tourism. The geology of kimberley is vary and fascinating,because it is producing spectacular scenery.

· PILBARA-
The Pilbara's economy is dominated by industries.For examples: mining and petrolenuem. In Pilbara,lots of iron ore were mined. The iron ore industry employs people from the Pilbara area. The Pilbara also has one of the world's major manganese mines.
· GOLDFIELDS-Esperance
The Goldfields-Esperance is the largest region in Western Australia, with an area of 771,276 km². The region supports the lowest stocking rates in the world. It's climate is usually hot and dry. The economy of the Goldfields is usually based on the extraction and processing of mineral resources. For examples :nickel and gold. The economy is based on agricultural and fishing. Wheat and barley are both widely grown. However, this requires fertilisers because the soils are sandy and it is major threat to the region's plant diversity.

· SOUTHWEST “WHEATBELT”-
The Wheatbelt encompasses range of environments and industries. Near the coast, it receives high rainfall and mild temperature and it is a significant tourist area. In contrast, the eastern fringe is arid, and is mainly used for mining of minerals. This includes gold, nickel and iron ore. The region is also highly agricultured, and it is the source of approximate two thirds of the state's wheat and wool production. The majority is its meat, oranges and honey, cut flowers and a range of other agricultural and pastoral products.
What are the strengths and weaknesses of the economy?

The potential weaknesses of Australia now are the expanding resources sector and also we reliant more and more on the number of key resources exports. The manufacturing sector and industrial base has been shrinking really badly.In 2003-2004, W.A Gross state product was A$89.2billion, which represented 11.3% of Australia’s national economy.
How is W.A's economy changing?

State’s growth comes from business investment, strong demand, on resources sector being ensured from china’s emerging economic might.
The Western Australian's economy is linked to the abundance of the natural resources. This has provided the State with a comparative advantage in resource extraction and processing.
For examples:
• the mining sector is almost1/5 of Western Australia’s economicactivity
• mining processing need more than half the State’s manufacturing output
• the State is a world leader in the production and export of a number of commodities.

STRUCTURE OF THE WESTERN AUSTRALIAN ECONOMY
Mining-23%
Agriculture-4%
Government-4%
Health-6%
Education-3%
Personal and Other-11%
Manufacturing-9%
Construction-6%
Transport and Utilities-8%
Finance and Business Services-14%
Tourism Related-3%
Wholesale/Retail-9%

Tuesday, April 1, 2008




RUSSIA:

Russia is the largest country in the world. It's located in Europe. Russia has the world's largest mineral and energy resources. It covered the earth's surface are by an eighth. It is also the ninth biggest population. Russia has the world's largest forest reserves and the lakes contain much world's unfrozen fresh water that we consume everyday.


There are only two distinct seasons in Russia such as winter and summer. The climate in Russia is usually dry and hot in summer. The country itself is a subtropical climate. The driest areas are the interior's continental. Russia has an abundance of natural resources such as the oil, gas and minerals.


There is 22% of vast forest which is the habitat for rare and important biodiversity. It is also needed growth, but the exploitation and some poorly planned economic development can cause lots of problems.



THE IMPORTANT FACTS ABOUT RUSSIA:
Russia's Capital- Moscow. It's the largest city! 55°45′N, 37°37′E
Official languages- Russian
Government Federal semi-presidential republic
-
President Vladimir Putin
- Prime Minister Viktor Zubkov
- President-elect Dimitry Medvedev
Area
- Total 17,075,400 km² (1st)
6,592,800 sq mi
- Water (%) 13
Population
- 2008 estimate 142,000,000 (9th)
- 2002 census 145,274,019
- Density 8.3/km² (209th)


THE THREE MAIN CRISIS AND THEIRS PROBLEMS:
The world is facing three crisis. For examples: climate change, oil and global resource depletion also fossil fuels. These are the problems that makes the thing complex. There will be a greater changes in the future in order to produce and deliver food to maintain the population of the world now such as there are roughly one billion people that are lacking essential micro nutrients that are provided by animal protein.


The primary resource is the fossil fuel energy and the world has started been using more fossil energy. It appears that the reserves of oil can be cheaply mined now production. The oil prices will rise quickly. World population expansion has been promoted by the availability of inexpensive oil, it allowed food to be produced cheaply but this will change greatly as oil prices rise creating the potential for major disruptions in food availability.


It has supported increased world food production by providing inexpensive inputs like fertilizers, insecticides, traction power and irrigation water.

GLOBAL WARMING:
The prediction about the global warming on the environment and human life are varied. There are lots of prediction but Global warming is real and have to be discuss in any discussion on future agriculture. Increasing sea levels will undoubtedly remove considerable areas of fertile delta and weather patterns will certainly change, leading to at times more intense drought and or flooding rains in some areas. Then some places will become unbalance which will cause some places to gain water- (floods) and the other side to be dry- (drought).


Global warming appears when it warms up the Earth’s atmosphere over a period of time. The globe- “Earth” is experiencing really rapid climate change now. The climate change is warming up by burning fossil fuels such as coal and oil. These fuels usually give off harmful or poisonous gases which can trap heat from the sun. The warming climate had increased the range and he incidence of tropical diseases. On the other hand, it could also bring health benefits. Russia is now witnessing the anomalous weather phenomena more often than ever before.


Global warming also has the risk of decreased crop production as recent research has showed that rice yields decreased. Global warming is also having significant impact on hundreds or thousands of plants and animals species all over the world. It's already taking effects on the plants and animals species now a day as the weather is changing.



Lots of different kinds of birds and plants are laying eggs flowering earlier. This affected the the ecosystem as well. For example: melting sea ice, affecting algae that grow on its underside also the falling harvests in turkey, Iraq, Syria and Saudi Arabia. The increasing temperature is likely to lead the increasing of precipitation, average temperature or wind patterns.




CLIMATE CHANGE:

Climate change is the long term significant change in the Earth’s weather “Average weather”. It gave the some regions experiences.


The climate change poses a global security threat as a competition over the energy. This increased the accessibility of huge hydrocarbon like the Arctic region. It’s changing the geo-strategic dynamics of the region.

Climate change is likely to interrupt lots of Australia’s natural landscapes. Some plants and animals will be found in places where they’ve never been seen before but others will disappear from some regions where they were there before and the regions will change the look, sound, and smell of the landscapes.
HUMAN ACTIONS:
The burning of fossil fuels converts lots of carbon in the biomass into carbon dioxide (CO2), which is called the "greenhouse" gas, as well as methane gas. Many scientists have started to sound the alarm which we must reduce our use of fossil fuels.




FACTS:

There are 95 countries already concluded that 60%of the Earth’s resources are being degraded or used unsustainably. The towns, cities and urban areas are also covering much of the world’s best natural habitats.




GLOBAL ISSUES:

The huge amount of people on earth is the major concern global issues. For examples: in 1991, the population already grew around 6 billion. I think there is a limit beyond which the earth will be over populated. The supply of clean air and water is also one of the global issues as there are limitations for water supply. There are a lot more important global issues such as;
*Wasting resources.
*Energy supplies for the future.
*Protecting all living things.
*Global warming and the climate change.





THE TEMPERATURE RISES:
From the year of 1961 to the year of 2003, the global ocean temperature has risen from the earth's surface to about 700 meters depth . There is variability both year-to-year and over long term scales, with the help of global ocean heat content observations showing the higher rates of warming, but some are cooling down. The temperature of the Antarctic rises in 195o and the 1980, nearly twice the number for the world's oceans. The warming reduced the ocean's ability to absorb CO2.


PAST PROMISES:
Russia re-open the negotiations on the bewilderingly complex rules to govern Kyoto agreement will be met with derision by virtually all governments. It has taken over six years to get them to agree with the decision. If the compromises involved started to unravel and it talks on a new deal would probably drag on until Kyoto targets are to be in by 2008.




NEWS:

We usually think about the costs of climate changeand the rising electricity and fuel prices. But these aren't the major concerns for people living in developing countries.Many countries are facing shortages of food because of the sharply rising prices for dairy food like rice, wheat, soybeans and corn.


the main cause of price increases is the sharp rise in the price of oil which is the major input in the production and transport of food.


The Arctic’s ice melting could fuel the rivalry with the Russia as the tensions are increasing between North and South. The rapid melting of the polar ice-caps in Arctic is opening up a new waterway, international trade routes.








http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effects_of_global_warming#Physical_impacts



http://www.abc.net.au/health/thepulse/stories/2008/04/10/2213128.htm



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change


Monday, March 3, 2008

Endangered Species








BLUE WHALES
Blue whales are marine mammals which mean they lived in diverse group which depend on the ocean for food. It abundant in nearly all ocean until the beginning of the twentieth century. The largest creature ever known to have existed on earth is the present-day blue whale. Today's blue whale, even larger than its ancestors. This giant animal is placid and shy. they are mottled bluish gray with Brod flat heads and a small dorsal thin located in the last forth of the body. They are hunted almost extinct by the whalers however by 1966 blue whales are protected by the International Whaling Commission declared them protected. In 2000 it was estimated that there were fewer than 10 000 left. It is believed to be larger than dinosaurs. It's heart is the size of a Volkswagen beetle and pumps ten tons of blood through the massive blue whale body. a blue whale aorta alone is large enough for a human to go through. It is usually found under/ surface of the deep ocean. it consumes around 2 tons of food a day. They eat small fish and tiny organism. It is also the loudest animal on earth which reach up to 188 decibels. they live in a small group call pods. they can also dive for up to an hour and can go to the depth of 350 feet. it is declare as a fast swimmer. They are always attack or kill by the killer whales(orcas). Their life are expectancy of 35 to 40 years. They are usually hunted for their meat, oil and other body parts are valuable as well. Human activities such as fishing, aquaculture, shipping traffic, military exercises and mega-projects, might affect the integrity, function and sustainability of this relatively pristine ecosystem, whether it be by direct contamination, pollution, spread of introduced species, by-catch in fisheries or by the increase of maritime traffic in the area.The Blue Whale Project seeks to develop an integrated and effective conservation strategy for the blue whale population and the marine ecosystem they depend on. We should develop and build up the science program and expand datasets needed to characterize blue whale ecology and the human influence on the area or develop platforms of communication and collaboration between scientists, governmental authorities, non-governmental organizations, stakeholders and local inhabitants. With this multidisciplinary approach we can expect to generate the opportunity for developing an action plan that can help blue whales, the marine ecosystem, productive activities and local inhabitants.




http://nature.ca/notebooks/english/bluwale.htm
http://www.wdcs.org/dan/publishing.nsf/allweb/803E6F754FC6728380256966005087B7
http://school.discoveryeducation.com/schooladventures/planetocean/bluewhale.html
http://www.npca.org/marine_and_coastal/marine_wildlife/bluewhale.html
http://animals.nationalgeographic.com/animals/mammals/blue-whale.html

Thursday, February 21, 2008

Sharks are a kind of fish with a full cartilaginous skeleton. It has a streamlined body. Sharks have a covering of dermal denticles to protect their skin from damage. Shark teeth are prized by collectors for their beauty because they are the only surviving relics of ancient sharks that are now extinct. Sharks have a different reproductive strategy from most fish. Instead of producing huge numbers of eggs and fry. Sharks normally produce around a dozen pups. The Census of Marine Life group reveals that 70% of the world's oceans are shark-free. They have discovered that although many sharks live up to depths as low as 1,500 metres. In ancient Greece, it was forbidden to eat shark flesh at women's festivals. A popular myth is that sharks are immune to disease and cancer; however, this is untrue. There are both diseases and parasites that affect sharks. Every year 26 to 73 million sharks are killed in the commmercial and also for the recreation fishing. However in the past, sharks are killed just for the sport of landing a good fighting fish. They are commonly used in the seafood in Japan and Australia. Especially in Victoria sharks are use to make fish and chips.